Rooting is the process of allowing users of smartphones, tablets and other devices running the Android mobile operating system to attain privileged control (known as root access) over various Android subsystems. As Android uses the Linux kernel, rooting an Android device gives similar access to administrative (superuser) permissions as on Linux or any other Unix-like operating system such as FreeBSD or OS X.
Rooting is often performed with the goal of overcoming limitations that carriers
and hardware manufacturers put on some devices. Thus, rooting gives the
ability (or permission) to alter or replace system applications and
settings, run specialized applications
("apps") that require administrator-level permissions, or perform other
operations that are otherwise inaccessible to a normal Android user. On
Android, rooting can also facilitate the complete removal and
replacement of the device's operating system, usually with a more recent
release of its current operating system.
Root access is sometimes compared to jailbreaking devices running the Apple iOS
operating system. However, these are different concepts: Jailbreaking
is the bypass of several types of Apple prohibitions for the end user,
including modifying the operating system (enforced by a "locked
bootloader"), installing non-officially approved applications via sideloading,
and granting the user elevated administration-level privileges
(rooting). Only a minority of Android devices lock their bootloaders,
and many vendors such as HTC, Sony, Asus and Google explicitly provide the ability to unlock devices, and even replace the operating system entirely.[1][2][3]
Similarly, the ability to sideload applications is typically
permissible on Android devices without root permissions. Thus, it is
primarily the third aspect of iOS jailbreaking (giving users
administrative privileges) that most directly correlates to Android
rooting.
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