The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture (ARMv7 and ARMv8-A architectures), with x86 and MIPS
architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android.
Since Android 5.0 "Lollipop", 64-bit variants of all platforms are
supported in addition to the 32-bit variants.[79] Unofficial Android-x86 project used to provide support for the x86 and MIPS architectures ahead of the official support.[5][80] Since 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones[81] and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64.
Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 5.1 range from 512 MB of RAM for normal-density screens, to about 1.8 GB for high-density screens.[82] The recommendation for Android 4.4 is to have at least 512 MB of RAM,[83]
while for "low RAM" devices 340 MB is the required minimum amount that
does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as
the baseband processor.[84] Android 4.4 requires a 32-bit ARMv7, MIPS or x86 architecture processor (latter two through unofficial ports),[5][85] together with an OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible graphics processing unit (GPU).[86]
Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.1. Some applications may
explicitly require a certain version of the OpenGL ES, and suitable GPU
hardware is required to run such applications.[86]
Android devices incorporate many optional hardware components, including still or video cameras, GPS, orientation sensors, dedicated gaming controls, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, proximity sensors, pressure sensors, thermometers, and touchscreens.
Some hardware components are not required, but became standard in
certain classes of devices, such as smartphones, and additional
requirements apply if they are present. Some other hardware was
initially required, but those requirements have been relaxed or
eliminated altogether. For example, as Android was developed initially
as a phone OS, hardware such as microphones were required, while over
time the phone function became optional.[69] Android used to require an autofocus camera, which was relaxed to a fixed-focus camera[69] if present at all, since the camera was dropped as a requirement entirely when Android started to be used on set-top boxes.
In addition to running on smartphones and tablets, several vendors
run Android natively on regular PC hardware with a keyboard and mouse.[87][88][89]
In addition to their availability on commercially available hardware,
similar PC hardware–friendly versions of Android are freely available
from the Android-x86 project, including customized Android 4.4.[90] Using the Android emulator that is part of the Android SDK, or by using BlueStacks or Andy, Android can also run non-natively on x86.[91][92]
Chinese companies are building a PC and mobile operating system, based
on Android, to "compete directly with Microsoft Windows and Google
Android".[93]
The Chinese Academy of Engineering noted that "more than a dozen"
companies were customising Android following a Chinese ban on the use of
Windows 8 on government PCs.[94][95][96]
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